如果只想知道系统名称，可以利用不带任何参数选项的uname命令，就可以输出系统信息，或利用uname -s命令输出系统的内核名称。
tecmint@tecmint ~ $ unameLinux
要查看网络主机名，用“-n”参数选项的uname命令，如下所示。
tecmint@tecmint ~ $ uname -ntecmint.com
要获取有关内核版本的信息，利用“-v”参数选项。
tecmint@tecmint ~ $ uname -v#64-Ubuntu SMP Mon Sep 22 21:28:38 UTC 2014
要得到有关你的内核的发行版信息，请利用“-r”参数选项。
tecmint@tecmint ~ $ uname -r3.13.0-37-generic
要输出你的机器的硬件名，利用“-m”参数选项：
tecmint@tecmint ~ $ uname -mx86_64
所有这些信息可以通过运行“uname -a”命令，如下图所示一次性输出。
tecmint@tecmint ~ $ uname -aLinux tecmint.com 3.13.0-37-generic #64-Ubuntu SMP Mon Sep 22 21:28:38 UTC 2014 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
2.如何查看Linux的系统硬件信息
你可以利用lshw工具来网络有关硬件部件，如CPU，硬盘，内存，USB掌握器等的大量信息。
lshw是一个相比拟较小巧的工具，当你提取信息的时候，只有为数不多的几个选项可供你利用。由lshw供应的信息网络形成了不同的/ proc文件。
注：请记住，lshw命令是由superuser （root）或sudo用户实行的。
拜会：《Difference Between su and sudo User in Linux》
要输出你的Linux系统的硬件信息，运行此命令。
tecmint@tecmint ~ $ sudo lshwtecmint.com description: Notebook product: 20354 (LENOVO_MT_20354_BU_idea_FM_Lenovo Z50-70) vendor: LENOVO version: Lenovo Z50-70 serial: 1037407803441 width: 64 bits capabilities: smbios-2.7 dmi-2.7 vsyscall32 configuration: administrator_password=disabled boot=normal chassis=notebook family=IDEAPAD frontpanel_password=disabled keyboard_password=disabled power-on_password=disabled sku=LENOVO_MT_20354_BU_idea_FM_Lenovo Z50-70 uuid=E4B1D229-D237-E411-9F6E-28D244EBBD98 -core description: Motherboard product: Lancer 5A5 vendor: LENOVO physical id: 0 version: 31900059WIN serial: YB06377069 slot: Type2 - Board Chassis Location -firmware description: BIOS vendor: LENOVO physical id: 0 version: 9BCN26WW date: 07/31/2014 size: 128KiB capacity: 4032KiB capabilities: pci upgrade shadowing cdboot bootselect edd int13floppynec int13floppytoshiba int13floppy360 int13floppy1200 int13floppy720 int13floppy2880 int9keyboard int10video acpi usb biosbootspecification uefi......
你可以通过利用-short选项来输出汇总的硬件信息。
tecmint@tecmint ~ $ sudo lshw -shortH/W path Device Class Description===================================================== system 20354 (LENOVO_MT_20354_BU_idea_FM_Lenovo Z50-70)/0 bus Lancer 5A5/0/0 memory 128KiB BIOS/0/4 processor Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-4210U CPU @ 1.70GHz/0/4/b memory 32KiB L1 cache/0/4/c memory 256KiB L2 cache/0/4/d memory 3MiB L3 cache/0/a memory 32KiB L1 cache/0/12 memory 8GiB System Memory/0/12/0 memory DIMM [empty]/0/12/1 memory DIMM [empty]/0/12/2 memory 8GiB SODIMM DDR3 Synchronous 1600 MHz (0.6 ns)/0/12/3 memory DIMM [empty]/0/100 bridge Haswell-ULT DRAM Controller/0/100/2 display Haswell-ULT Integrated Graphics Controller/0/100/3 multimedia Haswell-ULT HD Audio Controller...
如果你想天生输出为HTML文件，可以利用选项-html。
tecmint@tecmint ~ $ sudo lshw -html > lshw.html
3.如何查看Linux的CPU信息
要查看关于CPU的信息，就利用lscpu命令，由于它能从sysfs和/ proc / cpuinfo中显示CPU体系构造的信息，例如CPU数字，核心，CPU系列型号，CPU高速缓存，线程等。
tecmint@tecmint ~ $ lscpuArchitecture: x86_64CPU op-mode(s): 32-bit, 64-bitByte Order: Little EndianCPU(s): 4On-line CPU(s) list: 0-3Thread(s) per core: 2Core(s) per socket: 2Socket(s): 1NUMA node(s): 1Vendor ID: GenuineIntelCPU family: 6Model: 69Stepping: 1CPU MHz: 768.000BogoMIPS: 4788.72Virtualization: VT-xL1d cache: 32KL1i cache: 32KL2 cache: 256KL3 cache: 3072KNUMA node0 CPU(s): 0-3
4.如何网络Linux块设备信息
块设备是诸如硬盘，闪存驱动器等的存储设备。lsblk命令可用于报告有关块设备的信息，如下所示。
tecmint@tecmint ~ $ lsblkNAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTsda 8:0 0 931.5G 0 disk ├─sda1 8:1 0 1000M 0 part ├─sda2 8:2 0 260M 0 part /boot/efi├─sda3 8:3 0 1000M 0 part ├─sda4 8:4 0 128M 0 part ├─sda5 8:5 0 557.1G 0 part ├─sda6 8:6 0 25G 0 part ├─sda7 8:7 0 14.7G 0 part ├─sda8 8:8 0 1M 0 part ├─sda9 8:9 0 324.5G 0 part /└─sda10 8:10 0 7.9G 0 part [SWAP]sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom
如果你想查看系统上所有的块设备，那么就加一个-a选项。
tecmint@tecmint ~ $ lsblk -aNAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTsda 8:0 0 931.5G 0 disk ├─sda1 8:1 0 1000M 0 part ├─sda2 8:2 0 260M 0 part /boot/efi├─sda3 8:3 0 1000M 0 part ├─sda4 8:4 0 128M 0 part ├─sda5 8:5 0 557.1G 0 part ├─sda6 8:6 0 25G 0 part ├─sda7 8:7 0 14.7G 0 part ├─sda8 8:8 0 1M 0 part ├─sda9 8:9 0 324.5G 0 part /└─sda10 8:10 0 7.9G 0 part [SWAP]sdb 8:16 1 0 disk sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom ram0 1:0 0 64M 0 disk ram1 1:1 0 64M 0 disk ram2 1:2 0 64M 0 disk ram3 1:3 0 64M 0 disk ram4 1:4 0 64M 0 disk ram5 1:5 0 64M 0 disk ram6 1:6 0 64M 0 disk ram7 1:7 0 64M 0 disk ram8 1:8 0 64M 0 disk ram9 1:9 0 64M 0 disk loop0 7:0 0 0 loop loop1 7:1 0 0 loop loop2 7:2 0 0 loop loop3 7:3 0 0 loop loop4 7:4 0 0 loop loop5 7:5 0 0 loop loop6 7:6 0 0 loop loop7 7:7 0 0 loop ram10 1:10 0 64M 0 disk ram11 1:11 0 64M 0 disk ram12 1:12 0 64M 0 disk ram13 1:13 0 64M 0 disk ram14 1:14 0 64M 0 disk ram15 1:15 0 64M 0 disk
5.如何输出USB掌握器的信息
lsusb命令可用于报告关于USB掌握器和所有连接到它们的设备的信息。
tecmint@tecmint ~ $ lsusbBus 001 Device 002: ID 8087:8000 Intel Corp. Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hubBus 003 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0003 Linux Foundation 3.0 root hubBus 002 Device 005: ID 0bda:b728 Realtek Semiconductor Corp. Bus 002 Device 004: ID 5986:0249 Acer, Inc Bus 002 Device 003: ID 0bda:0129 Realtek Semiconductor Corp. RTS5129 Card Reader ControllerBus 002 Device 002: ID 045e:00cb Microsoft Corp. Basic Optical Mouse v2.0Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
你可以利用-v选项天生有关于每个USB设备的详细信息。
tecmint@tecmint ~ $ lsusb -v
6.如何输出PCI设备信息
PCI设备可能包括USB接口，显卡，网卡等。lspci工具能用来天生系统上所有PCI掌握器以及连接到它们的设备的信息。
要输出有关PCI设备的信息，可运行以下命令。
tecmint@tecmint ~ $ lspci00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation Haswell-ULT DRAM Controller (rev 0b)00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation Haswell-ULT Integrated Graphics Controller (rev 0b)00:03.0 Audio device: Intel Corporation Haswell-ULT HD Audio Controller (rev 0b)00:14.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation Lynx Point-LP USB xHCI HC (rev 04)00:16.0 Communication controller: Intel Corporation Lynx Point-LP HECI #0 (rev 04)00:1b.0 Audio device: Intel Corporation Lynx Point-LP HD Audio Controller (rev 04)00:1c.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Lynx Point-LP PCI Express Root Port 3 (rev e4)00:1c.3 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Lynx Point-LP PCI Express Root Port 4 (rev e4)00:1c.4 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Lynx Point-LP PCI Express Root Port 5 (rev e4)00:1d.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation Lynx Point-LP USB EHCI #1 (rev 04)00:1f.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation Lynx Point-LP LPC Controller (rev 04)00:1f.2 SATA controller: Intel Corporation Lynx Point-LP SATA Controller 1 [AHCI mode] (rev 04)00:1f.3 SMBus: Intel Corporation Lynx Point-LP SMBus Controller (rev 04)01:00.0 Ethernet controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8111/8168/8411 PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet Controller (rev 10)02:00.0 Network controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8723BE PCIe Wireless Network Adapter03:00.0 3D controller: NVIDIA Corporation GM108M [GeForce 840M] (rev a2)
利用-t选项将以树的形式天生输出。
tecmint@tecmint ~ $ lspci -t-[0000:00]-+-00.0 +-02.0 +-03.0 +-14.0 +-16.0 +-1b.0 +-1c.0-[01]----00.0 +-1c.3-[02]----00.0 +-1c.4-[03]----00.0 +-1d.0 +-1f.0 +-1f.2 \-1f.3
利用-v选项天生有关每个连接的设备的详细信息。
tecmint@tecmint ~ $ lspci -v00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation Haswell-ULT DRAM Controller (rev 0b)Subsystem: Lenovo Device 3978Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0Capabilities: 00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation Haswell-ULT Integrated Graphics Controller (rev 0b) (prog-if 00 [VGA controller])Subsystem: Lenovo Device 380dFlags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 62Memory at c3000000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=4M]Memory at d0000000 (64-bit, prefetchable) [size=256M]I/O ports at 6000 [size=64]Expansion ROM at [disabled]Capabilities: Kernel driver in use: i915.....
7.如何输出SCSI设备的信息
要查看所有的scsi / sata设备，可利用lsscsi命令，如下所示。如果你没有安装lsscsi工具，那么运行下面的命令来安装它。
$ sudo apt-get install lsscsi [on Debian derivatives]# yum install lsscsi [On RedHat based systems]# dnf install lsscsi [On Fedora 21+ Onwards]
安装后，运行lsscsi命令，如下所示：
tecmint@tecmint ~ $ lsscsi[0:0:0:0] disk ATA ST1000LM024 HN-M 2BA3 /dev/sda [1:0:0:0] cd/dvd PLDS DVD-RW DA8A5SH RL61 /dev/sr0 [4:0:0:0] disk Generic- xD/SD/M.S. 1.00 /dev/sdb
利用-s选项来显示设备尺寸。
tecmint@tecmint ~ $ lsscsi -s[0:0:0:0] disk ATA ST1000LM024 HN-M 2BA3 /dev/sda 1.00TB[1:0:0:0] cd/dvd PLDS DVD-RW DA8A5SH RL61 /dev/sr0 -[4:0:0:0] disk Generic- xD/SD/M.S. 1.00 /dev/sdb -
8.如何打印有关SATA设备的信息
你可以利用hdparm实用工具在系统上找到有关sata设备的一些信息，如下所示。不才面的例子中，我利用了块设备/ dev / sda1。
tecmint@tecmint ~ $ sudo hdparm /dev/sda1/dev/sda1: multcount = 0 (off) IO_support = 1 (32-bit) readonly = 0 (off) readahead = 256 (on) geometry = 56065/255/63, sectors = 2048000, start = 2048
要输出设备有关柱面、磁头、扇区、大小和起始偏移量的几何信息，利用-g选项。
tecmint@tecmint ~ $ sudo hdparm -g /dev/sda1/dev/sda1: geometry = 56065/255/63, sectors = 2048000, start = 2048
9.如何输出Linux文件系统信息
为了网络有关文件系统分区的信息，你可以利用fdisk命令。虽然fdisk命令的紧张功能是修正文件系统分区，但我们也可以用它来查看文件系统上不同分区的信息。
你可以按如下方法输出分区信息。记住要用超级用户的身份运行命令，否则你可能看不到任何输出。
tecmint@tecmint ~ $ sudo fdisk -lWARNING: GPT (GUID Partition Table) detected on '/dev/sda'! The util fdisk doesn't support GPT. Use GNU Parted.Disk /dev/sda: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 121601 cylinders, total 1953525168 sectorsUnits = sectors of 1 512 = 512 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytesDisk identifier: 0xcee8ad92 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System/dev/sda1 1 1953525167 976762583+ ee GPTPartition 1 does not start on physical sector boundary.
10.如何提取有关硬件组件的信息
你也可以利用dmidecode实用程序通过读取DMI表中的数据提取硬件信息。
输出有关内存的信息，作为超级用户运行此命令。
tecmint@tecmint ~ $ sudo dmidecode -t memory# dmidecode 2.12# SMBIOS entry point at 0xaaebef98SMBIOS 2.7 present.Handle 0x0005, DMI type 5, 24 bytesMemory Controller InformationError Detecting Method: NoneError Correcting Capabilities:NoneSupported Interleave: One-way InterleaveCurrent Interleave: One-way InterleaveMaximum Memory Module Size: 8192 MBMaximum Total Memory Size: 32768 MBSupported Speeds:OtherSupported Memory Types:OtherMemory Module Voltage: UnknownAssociated Memory Slots: 40x00060x00070x00080x0009Enabled Error Correcting Capabilities:None...
要输出有关系统的信息，运行此命令。
tecmint@tecmint ~ $ sudo dmidecode -t system# dmidecode 2.12# SMBIOS entry point at 0xaaebef98SMBIOS 2.7 present.Handle 0x0001, DMI type 1, 27 bytesSystem InformationManufacturer: LENOVOProduct Name: 20354Version: Lenovo Z50-70Serial Number: 1037407803441UUID: 29D2B1E4-37D2-11E4-9F6E-28D244EBBD98Wake-up Type: Power SwitchSKU Number: LENOVO_MT_20354_BU_idea_FM_Lenovo Z50-70Family: IDEAPAD...
要输出有关BIOS的信息，运行此命令。
tecmint@tecmint ~ $ sudo dmidecode -t bios# dmidecode 2.12# SMBIOS entry point at 0xaaebef98SMBIOS 2.7 present.Handle 0x0000, DMI type 0, 24 bytesBIOS InformationVendor: LENOVOVersion: 9BCN26WWRelease Date: 07/31/2014Address: 0xE0000Runtime Size: 128 kBROM Size: 4096 kBCharacteristics:PCI is supportedBIOS is upgradeableBIOS shadowing is allowedBoot from CD is supportedSelectable boot is supportedEDD is supportedJapanese floppy for NEC 9800 1.2 MB is supported (int 13h)Japanese floppy for Toshiba 1.2 MB is supported (int 13h)5.25\"大众/360 kB floppy services are supported (int 13h)5.25\"大众/1.2 MB floppy services are supported (int 13h)3.5\公众/720 kB floppy services are supported (int 13h)3.5\"大众/2.88 MB floppy services are supported (int 13h)8042 keyboard services are supported (int 9h)CGA/mono video services are supported (int 10h)ACPI is supportedUSB legacy is supportedBIOS boot specification is supportedTargeted content distribution is supportedUEFI is supportedBIOS Revision: 0.26Firmware Revision: 0.26...
要输出关于处理器的信息，运行此命令。
tecmint@tecmint ~ $ sudo dmidecode -t processor# dmidecode 2.12# SMBIOS entry point at 0xaaebef98SMBIOS 2.7 present.Handle 0x0004, DMI type 4, 42 bytesProcessor InformationSocket Designation: U3E1Type: Central ProcessorFamily: Core i5Manufacturer: Intel(R) CorporationID: 51 06 04 00 FF FB EB BFSignature: Type 0, Family 6, Model 69, Stepping 1Flags:
